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What is Prefix?
New word can be created by placing a syllable before the base word. Prefix is a syllable that appears before the root word.
Definition of Prefix?
A new word can be formed by adding a syllable before the base word. Prefix is a syllable that appears before the base word.
Note: Before the root word ‘im, in, ir, il, re, em, en, de, un, dis, mis, pre, non, mini, semi, vice etc.’ A new word can be formed by adding some syllables. There are many such prefixes from which new words are formed.
Prefix list With Meaning
| Prefix | Meaning | Example |
| anti | against, opposite | antifreeze, antisocial |
| and | not | unaware, unlucky |
| sub | past of something, beneath, under | subconscious, subway |
| non | not | nonsense, non-competitive |
| for | before | foresee, forecast |
| under | under, beneath, insufficient | underage, underwater |
| inter | connected, between | interlock, interact |
| pre | before | precaution, preview |
| ir, il, im, in | not, opposite of | impolite, irregular, illegal, independent, indiscipline, import |
| re | again | restart, return |
| in/in | cause to | empower, enlarge |
| of | opposite action | demonetization |
| dis | not, opposite of | disrespect |
| mis | wrongly, correct | misbehavior |
| semi | half | semicircle |
What is Suffix?
A new word can also be formed by adding a syllable after the base word. Suffix is a syllable that sounds after the root word.
Definition of Suffix?
A new word can also be formed by adding a syllable after the base word. Suffix is a syllable that comes after the root word.
Note: The root word is followed by ‘ed, ing, en, ish, ful, ly, ship, ness, ism, dom, ist, ment, ion, al, less etc.’ New words can be formed by adding some syllables.
Suffix list With Meaning
| Suffix word | Meaning | Example |
| ant | having an effect | assistant |
| is | one who perform/do something | teacher, singer |
| ful | full of | spoonful colorful, graceful, |
| ing | present participle | painting |
| ment | action/process | measurement, statement |
| ness | quality/state of | happiness, greatness, goodness |
| less | without | careless |
| like | resembled another | lifelike |
| ly | having | quickly, successfully, |
| ism | belief or behaviour | socialism |
| ion | act or process | Vacation, action |
| al | has property of | national, provisional |
| ship | state | friendship, relationship |
Rules for adding Prefix and Suffix
Hyphen (-) is used to add Prefix with Common Noun.
Hyphen (-) should be used compulsorily after Prefix ‘self and ex’.
Along with adding the prefix, it is important to keep in mind that the spelling and root word of that word should not change.
Certain words start with Prefix but prefix is not used in that word. eg. Uncle.
Many prefixes can give the same meaning. eg. ‘in, im, un’.
Some words which are completed by ‘y or e’ can change the spelling of the root word by adding suffix (suffix) to those words.
Creating new words by adding Suffixes
(i) Making one Noun from another: For this, the following suffixes can be applied.
(-an, -ese, -ist, -eer, -ery, -ry, -ful etc.)
India – Indian
China – Chinese
Ideal – Idealist
Engine – Engineer
Slave – Slavery
(ii) Creating an abstract noun from the common noun: For this, the following suffixes can be applied.
(-hood, -dom, – ship etc.)
Woman – Womanhood
Friend – Friendship
Wise – Wisdom
Child – Childhood
Free – Freedom
Clerk – Clerkship
(iii) Changing Noun into Adjective:
Angle – Angular
Ancestor – Ancestral
Authority – Authoritative
Advice – Advisable
Blue – Bluish
(iv) Changing Noun into Verb:
Authority – Authorize
Hard – Harden
Harmony – Harmonize
Apology – Apologize
(v) Changing Noun into Abstract Noun:
Beggar – Beggary
Coin – Coinage
Coward – Cowardice
Cunning – Cunningness
Elector – Electorate
Hero – Heroism
(vi) Changing Adjective into Verb:
Abundant – Abound
Bitter – Embitter
Brutal – Brutalize
Clear – Clarify
Fertile – Fertilize
(vii) Changing Noun into Noun:
Adequate – Adequacy
Bankrupt – Bankruptcy
Chaste – Chastity
Civil – Civility
Compulsory – Compulsion
Large – Size
(viii) Changing Verb into Noun:
Acquit – Acquittal
Betray – Betrayal
Deceive – Deception
Conceive – Conception
Commit – Committal
Precise – Precision
Prefixes Example / Prefix Examples
1. A (on, devoid, beyond, inferiority): asleep (in sleep), ashore (on the shore), away (away), aloft (in the air)
2. Ad (with, over-): adhere, advocate
3. After : afterwards, aftergrowth
4. Al (sarv-, full-): almighty, almost, altogether
5. An (without, non): anarchy, anarchist
6. Ant, Anti : antagonist, antipathy, antibiotic
7. Auto (self): automobile, autobiography, autograph
8. Bi (two, both): binocular, bilingual, bicentenary
9. By (उप-): byelection, byname, bylaw, bypath, byproduct
10. Co (सहित): co-accused, co-operate, co-exist, co-ordinate
11. De (नीचे): de-throne, defame, decrease, demoralize
12. Demi (half, half): demigod, demi-structure, demi-official
13. Dis (opposite or negative): disorder, disobey, disgrace
14. Dia (by): dialogue, diameter
15. En, Em (in, over): embark, enlist
16. Ex (ex, separate, out): ex-student, exclude
17. Extra : extraordinary, extravagant
18. Fore : foresee, forefathers
19. Homo : homosexual, homogeneous
20. Hyper (excess, excess): hypersensitivity, hypertension
21. In, Il, Im : incurable, illegal, improper, inanimate
22. Inter, Intro : international, introduce
23. Mid : midnight, midwife
24. Mis (dur, dus, bad, bad) : misuse, misrule, mismanage
25. Non (not, negative, nir-): nonsense, nonpayment, nonviolent
26. On : onlooker
27. Out (बाहर): outside, outcome, outcast
28. Over (ऊपर): overcoat, overdone, overlook
29. Omni (सर्व): omnipotent, omnipresent, omnivorous
30. Para (बाहर): paraphrase, para-psychology
31. Post (after, behind): postpaid, postdated, postscript
32. Pre : prepaid, prearrange, precaution
33. Re : reset, resound, retract, rearrange
34. Semi (आधा): semicolon, semicircle, semiconscious
35. Sub (उप-): sub-heating, sub-editor
36. Tele (दूर): telephone, television, telegraph
37. Tri (तीन): tricycle, trinity, triangle
38. Un (back, opposite): unwise, unripe, unable, unbalanced
39. Vice (उप): vice-chancellor, vice-president, vice-principal
40. With (पीछे): withstand, withdraw
Suffixes Example/ Suffix Examples
1. -able, -ible (के योग्य): respectable, portable, serviceable, eligible, negligible
2. -age (state of): bondage, foliage, personage
3. -archy (-tantra, rule): monarchy, hierarchy
4. -ary (This suffix is used to form adjectives and nouns, eg: arbitrary, dictionary, exemplary)
5. -cy, -sy (से): democracy, lunacy, aristocracy, phantasy
6. -cide : genocide, homicide, suicide
7. -craft (art, skill): woodcraft, witchcraft
8. -crat (member or supporter of a system): democrat, bureaucrat
9. -dom (category, state): freedom, boredom, kingdom
10. -ed (adjective suffix): tailed, feathered
11. -ee (to form a passive noun): trustee, employee
12. -en (diminutive, feminine, plural, to make nouns adjectives eg): chicken, vixen, oxen, golden
13. -er, or (from verbs forming nouns and comparative adjectives): preacher, teacher, sailor, greater, bigger
14. -et (in the nominative): prophet, poet, packet
15. -fold (fold, added to numeral words): manifold, tenfold
16. -ful : delightful, cheerful, graceful
17. -hood : childhood, boyhood
18. -il (adjective form): civil, utensil
19. -ion (to form a possessive noun): religion, tension, opinion
20. -ise (to make a noun): exercise, franchise
21. -ish (to form adjectives from nouns): childish, bluish.
22. -ism (i) (indicative of particular behavior and condition) : dualism, fanaticism
(ii) (वाद): egoism, heroism, nationalism
23. -ist (i) (in the sense of doer and doer) (ii) (lawyer, follower of ideology): novelist, artist, dentist, scientist
24. -ive : active, passive
25. -ling (in the sense of smallness): duckling, suckling, weakling
26. -less : guiltless, homeless, moneyless
27. -let (in the sense of shortness): leaflet, booklet, owlet, pamphlet
28. -ly (adjective): homely, manly, wickedly
29. -ment (to form a noun from a verb): establishment, banishment, astonishment
30. -ness (to form possessive nouns from adjectives): goodness, kindness, sweetness, boldness
Formation of words
Definition:-
The formation of words in a language by the process of derivation and composition.
Creating a new word from the base form of the word is called Word Formation. Word formation can be done in the following ways.
1. Through Prefix
2. Through Suffix
| Formation of Nouns from Verbs( formation of noun words from verb words ) | ||
| Verb | Noun | Meaning |
| Attach | Attachment | Attachment |
| Approve | Approval | Acceptance |
| Advise | Advice | advice, consultation |
| Banish | Banishment | deported |
| Conceal | Concealment | concealment |
| Deceive | Deceit | Danger |
| Drink | Draught | gulp |
| Eat | Eatables | Food ingredient |
| Exceed | Excess | abundance |
| Fly | Flight | flight |
| Go | Gait | move |
| Grow | Growth | Growth |
| Hate | Hatred | Hatred |
| Know | Knowledge | Knowledge |
| Learn | Learning | education, learning |
| Occupy | Occupation | occupation, business |
| Obey | Obedience | to obey |
| Receive | Reception | reception |
| Speak | Speech | speech |
| Tell | Tale | Story |
| Vacate | Vacation | Holiday |
| Write | Writ | mandate |
| Formation of Nouns from Adjectives( Forming nouns from adjectives ) _ | ||
| Adjective | Noun | Meaning |
| Able | Ability | Ability |
| Brave | Bravery | Valor |
| Certain | Certainty | Certainty |
| Cheap | Cheapness | cheapness |
| Deep | Depth | depth |
| Excellent | Excellence | goodness |
| Frank | Frankness | Clarity |
| Hot | Heat | Heat |
| Loyal | Loyalty | loyalty |
| Formation of Adjectives from Nouns( formation of adjective words from nouns ) | ||
| Noun | Adjective | Meaning |
| Awe | Awful | Horrible |
| Beauty | Beautiful | Beautiful |
| Custom | Customary | custom fit |
| Faith | Faithful | Loyal |
| Fire | Fiery | very hot |
| Fool | Foolish | Silly |
| Gloom | Gloomy | upset |
| King | Kingly | Royal |
| Need | Needy | the needy |
| Ocean | Oceanic | oceanic |
| Palace | Palatial | palatial |
| Silver | Silvery | bright |
| Formation of Verb from Nouns( formation of verb words from nouns ) | ||
| Noun | Verb | Meaning |
| Air | Aerify | ventilate |
| Belief | Believe | believe |
| Cage | In cage | to cage |
| Custom | Accustom | get used to |
| Example | Exemplify | giving examples |
| Fool | Befool | play fool |
| Guess | Guess | to contemplate |
| Glory | Glorify | brag |
| Height | Heighten | lift up |
| Light | Lighten | load off |
| Noun | Factor |
| Pronoun | sentence idea |
| Adjective | speech |
| Articles | Phonetics |
| Action | Era |
| Word | indecent word |
| adverb | Idioms |
| Treaty | Proverbs |
| gender | character idea |
| Promise | punctuation |
| Samas | one word for phrase |
| prefix | Glossary of Terms |
| suffix | Factors sign |
| ambiguous words | Antonyms |
| Synonyms | Derivative words |
| monosyllable | all other articles |
Worksheet For Prefix and Suffix Quiz
Q.1Choose the correct suffix to change the verb ‘Confess’ into a noun.
1
ness
2
ion
3
age
4
ment
Q.2Choose the correct prefix for ‘Readable’–
1
un
2
ir
3
dis
4
in
Q.3Add a Suffix to a base or root word for ‘Ideal’–
1
ist
2
er
3
est
4
none of these
Q.4What is the prefix in ‘Disassociate’?
1
Ate
2
Dis
3
Sociate
4
As
Q.5Add a prefix in ‘Understand’–
1
mis
2
pre
3
em
4
il
Q.6Add a prefix in ‘Redeemable’ –
1
ir
2
im
3
dis
4
un
Q.7Add a suffix in ‘Meaning’–
1
less
2
ly
3
some
4
none of these
Q.8Add a suffix in ‘Wilder’–
1
ness
2
ful
3
ish
4
none of these
Q.9Add a prefix in ‘Continued’–
1
mis
2
dis
3
un
4
in
Q.10What is the root or base word, in the word ‘Preheat’?
1
re
2
pre
3
heat
4
eat